Knee Replacement Surgery - Total Knee Arthroplasty
Total knee replacement surgery involves removing the damaged surfaces of the knee joint and replacing them with artificial components made of metal, ceramic, or plastic. It is usually recommended when arthritis or injury causes severe pain, swelling, or stiffness that limits daily activities and mobility.
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The aim of the surgery is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve quality of life. Most patients are able to walk with support shortly after the operation and gradually return to normal activities over the following weeks.
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If you’re experiencing ongoing knee pain or stiffness, you can complete the Oxford Knee Score, a short questionnaire that helps assess how much your knee symptoms are affecting your daily life.
Frequently Asked Questions - Total Knee Replacement Surgery
1. What is total knee replacement surgery?
Total knee replacement (TKR) is a procedure where the damaged surfaces of the knee joint are removed and replaced with artificial metal and plastic components. This restores smooth movement and relieves pain caused by arthritis or injury.
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2. Who is suitable for total knee replacement?
Total knee replacement is usually recommended for patients with severe arthritis or knee damage that causes pain, stiffness, and difficulty with daily activities. It’s most common in older adults, but may also be suitable for younger patients if other treatments have not helped.
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3. How does total knee replacement differ from partial knee replacement?
In a total knee replacement, all three compartments of the knee are replaced — the inner, outer, and front parts. In a partial knee replacement, only the damaged section is replaced, leaving the rest of the joint intact.
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4. What are the benefits of total knee replacement?
The surgery can significantly reduce pain, improve mobility, and restore quality of life. Many patients find they can walk more comfortably, sleep better, and return to activities they previously avoided.
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5. What are the risks or downsides?
As with any major surgery, there are risks such as infection, blood clots, stiffness, or implant wear over time. In some cases, revision surgery may be needed in the future. Your surgeon will discuss these risks and ensure the procedure is suitable for you.
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6. How long is the recovery period?
Most patients start walking with support within a day or two after surgery. Physiotherapy is an important part of recovery. Many people can return to normal daily activities within 4–6 weeks. The majority of recovery takes place during the first 3 months, with continued improvement for up to a year, depending on your overall health and progress.
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7. When can I return to sports or exercise?
You can usually return to low-impact activities such as swimming, cycling, and walking once your surgeon gives the go-ahead. High-impact sports like running or jumping should generally be avoided to prolong the life of the implant.
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8. How long does a total knee replacement last?
Modern implants can last 15–20 years or longer, depending on factors like age, activity level, and weight. Regular follow-ups help monitor your knee’s function and longevity.
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9. Will I have a scar?
Yes, you’ll have a scar along the front or slightly to the side of the knee where the incision was made. It will fade over time and become much less noticeable.
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10. How do I find out if total knee replacement is right for me?
Your surgeon will assess your symptoms, medical history, and X-rays to determine if a total knee replacement is the best treatment for you or if other options, such as physiotherapy or injections, might be tried first.